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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 82(6): 623-629, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828241

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To characterize the hearing loss after cancer treatment, according to the type of treatment, with identification of predictive factors. Methods: Two hundred patients who had cancer in childhood were prospectively evaluated. The mean age at diagnosis was 6 years, and at the audiometric assessment, 21 years. The treatment of the participants included chemotherapy without using platinum derivatives or head and neck radiotherapy in 51 patients; chemotherapy using cisplatin without radiotherapy in 64 patients; head and neck radiotherapy without cisplatin in 75 patients; and a combined treatment of head and neck radiotherapy and chemotherapy with cisplatin in ten patients. Patients underwent audiological assessment, including pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and immittancemetry. Results: The treatment involving chemotherapy with cisplatin caused 41.9% and 47.3% hearing loss in the right and left ear, respectively, with a 11.7-fold higher risk of hearing loss in the right ear and 17.6-fold higher in the left ear versus patients not treated with cisplatin (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Children whose cancer diagnosis occurred after the age of 6 have shown an increased risk of hearing loss vs. children whose diagnosis occurred under 6 years of age (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The auditory feature found after the cancer treatment was a symmetrical bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Chemotherapy with cisplatin proved to be a risk factor, while head and neck radiotherapy was not critical for the occurrence of hearing loss.


Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar as alterações auditivas após o tratamento do câncer, segundo o tipo de tratamento identificando os fatores preditivos. Método: Foram avaliados prospectivamente duzentos pacientes que tiveram cancer na infância. A idade média ao diagnóstico foi de 6 anos e à avaliação audiométrica de 21 anos de idade. O tratamento incluiu quimioterapia sem uso de derivados de platina ou radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço em 51 pacientes; quimioterapia com uso de cisplatina sem radioterapia em 64 pacientes; radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço sem cisplatina em 75 pacientes; e 10 pacientes receberam o tratamento combinado de radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço e quimioterapia com cisplatina. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica incluindo audiometria tonal, audiometria vocal e imitanciometria. Resultados: O tratamento envolvendo quimioterapia com cisplatina levou a 41,9% e 47,3% de perda auditiva na orelha direita e esquerda, respectivamente, apresentando risco 11,7 vezes maior de desenvolver perda auditiva na orelha direita e 17,6 vezes na orelha esquerda do que aqueles que não receberam cisplatina (p < 0,001 e p < 0,001; respectivamente). Crianças cujo diagnóstico do câncer ocorreu após os 6 anos de idade mostraram maior risco de apresentar perda auditiva do que crianças menores do que 6 anos de idade (p = 0,02). Conclusão: A característica audiológica encontrada após tratamento oncológico foi perda auditiva sensorioneural bilateral simétrica. A quimioterapia com cisplatina mostrou ser fator de risco, enquanto a radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço não foi determinante para aquisição da perda auditiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Young Adult , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Hearing Loss, Bilateral/etiology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Neoplasms/therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Combined Modality Therapy , Hearing Loss, Bilateral/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/radiotherapy
2.
Arq. int. otorrinolaringol. (Impr.) ; 16(1): 26-31, fev.-mar. 2012. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-620546

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A perda auditiva neurossensorial bilateral simétrica resultante do tratamento oncológico é subestimada, pois os pacientes têm a detecção auditiva preservada, relatando queixa em determinadas situações, ou a não compreensão de parte da mensagem. OBJETIVO: Investigar quais as frequências audiométricas acometidas são responsáveis pela presença de queixa auditiva. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo avaliando 200 pacientes com câncer na infância fora de tratamento oncológico há no mínimo 8 anos, com idade média ao diagnóstico de 6,21 anos (4,71). Foi aplicada anamnese para investigar a presença de queixa auditiva e realizada audiometria tonal limiar. Para verificar a associação entre queixa e perda auditiva, foi empregado o teste exato de Fisher, com um erro a=5%. Os pacientes foram divididos em: audição normal, perda auditiva em 8kHz, perda em 6-8kHz, perda em 4-8kHz, perda em 2-8kHz e perda em <1-8kHz. RESULTADOS: Encontramos 125 pacientes com audição normal, 10 apresentaram queixa auditiva. Entre os pacientes com perda auditiva, 16 apresentaram perda somente em 8kHz, e 1 com queixa; 22 com perda em 6-8kHz, sendo 3 com queixa; 16 com perda em 4-8kHz, destes 10 com queixa; 15 com perda 2-8kHz, sendo 14 com queixa e 6 com perda em <1-8kHz todos com queixa. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre perda e queixa auditiva (p<0.001), quando a frequência de 4kHz foi envolvida. CONCLUSÃO: Quanto maior o número de frequências acometidas maior a ocorrência de queixa auditiva, sobretudo quando as frequências da fala estão envolvidas, sendo que o acometimento de 4kHz já determina o aparecimento das queixas.


INTRODUCTION: The neurosensory bilateral simetric hearing loss resulting of the oncological treatment is underestimated, because the patients has the hearing detection preserved, reporting complaints in determined situation, or the not comprehension of part of the message. OBJECTIVE: Investigate which are the audiometric frequencies affected are the responsible by the presence of hearing complaints. METHOD: Prospective study evaluating 200 patients with cancer in the childhood out of the oncological treatment in at least 8 years, with average age to the diagnosis of 6,21 years (4,71). Was applied anamnesis to investigate the presence of hearing complaints and performed a tonal threshold audiometry. To check the association between the complaint and the hearing loss, was applied the Exact test of Fisher, with one error a=5%, the patients were split into: normal hearing, hearing loss in 8kHz, loss in 6-8 kHz, loss in 4-8 kHz, loss in 2-8 kHz and loss in < 1-8 kHz. RESULTS: We found 125 patients with hearing loss, 10 presented hearing complaints. Between the patients with hearing loss, 16 presented loss only at 8kHz, and 1 with complaint; 22 with loss in 6-8 kHz, being 3 with complaint; 16 with loss in 4-8 kHz, from them 10 with complaint; 15 with loss 2-8 kHz, being 14 with complaint and 6 with loss in < 1-8 kHz all with complaints. There were a significant relationship between the loss and hearing complaint (p<0,001), when the frequency of 4 kHz was involved. CONCLUSION: The bigger the number of affected frequencies the bigger the occurrence of hearing complaint, most of all when the speech frequencies are involved, and the involvement of 4 kHz already determines the appearing of the complaints.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Audiometry , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Hearing Loss, Bilateral , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Tinnitus , Medical History Taking , Prospective Studies
3.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 75(5): 634-641, Sept.-Oct. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530084

ABSTRACT

Cisplatin is used frequently as an antineoplastic drug in the treatment of many different cancers. However, when used in doses over 360mg/m², ototoxicity may ensue, resulting in loss of hearing. Criteria for identifying and quantifying hearing loss have been devised. AIM: To describe the features of different hearing loss classification systems and to identify their implications and use in oncologic patients. METHOD: Hearing loss was classified in 31 patients before and after chemotherapy, according to different criteria, assessing the sensitivity and specificity of each classification system. RESULTS: Hearing loss results were highly variable (ranging from 29 percent to 61 percent). Only 4 of 31 subjects with post-therapy hearing loss were identified by all the methods. A few subjects with hearing loss were classified as normal hearing in some of the criteria. A normal PTA was found in 18 of 31 subjects in the post-treatment evaluation. CONCLUSION: None of the criteria assesses the complaints of patients. The criteria described in this study were inadequate to identify hearing loss following chemotherapy, requiring additional information for physicians to better understand the hearing losses and their implications for the quality of life of patients.


A cisplatina é um antineoplásico muito utilizado no tratamento de diferentes neoplasias, porém quando utilizada em doses acima de 360mg/m² pode causar ototoxicidade. Esta produz lesões cocleares que resultam em perda auditiva. Existem critérios que visam identificar e quantificar as perdas auditivas. OBJETIVO: Descrever as características das classificações e identificar implicações e aplicações de cada uma, dentro das necessidades do acompanhamento ao paciente oncológico. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Avaliamos 31 pacientes pré e pós-tratamento quimioterápico. Classificamos as perdas auditivas de acordo com os critérios e verificamos a sensibilidade e especificidade de cada um. RESULTADO: Houve grande variabilidade na detecção das alterações auditivas (de 29 por cento a 61 por cento). Somente 4 dos 31 indivíduos com alterações auditivas no exame pós-tratamento foram identificados por todos os critérios. Por vezes o indivíduo portador de perda auditiva era classificado com normal por algum critério. Dos 31 indivíduos, 18 apresentaram PTA normal no exame pós-tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Nenhum dos critérios considera a queixa do paciente. Os critérios descritos mostraram inadequações para descrever as alterações auditivas encontradas, fazendo-se necessária a descrição de informações adicionais, para que o médico compreendesse a natureza da perda auditiva. É importante o refinamento desses instrumentos para melhor compreensão e tratamento dos pacientes oncológicos, assim como de sua qualidade de vida.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Hearing Disorders/chemically induced , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Diagnostic Techniques, Otological , Hearing Disorders/classification , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young Adult
4.
Appl. cancer res ; 29(2): 95-99, Apr.-June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, Inca | ID: lil-547672

ABSTRACT

Hearing is a channel of extreme importance for life because it enables the development of oral language; acquiring the knowledge to communicate with the world. Hearing loss can occur due to innumerous factors and can be expressed in various forms, according to its type and degree, and any impediment in the transport of sound to the central auditory nervous system implies a loss of part or all of the message content. Cisplatin chemotherapy treatment has ototoxicity as one of its described side effects. For that reason, the monitoring of the hearing of individuals submitted to cisplatin chemotherapy treatment has been a growing concern, especially in children presenting retinoblastoma. This study had as objective to describe the consequences of a hearing loss due to ototoxicity in the speech intelligibility of a child diagnosed as having retinoblastoma diagnosed at 22 months of age. Audiological monitoring showed a progressive hearing loss as well as deterioration of speech intelligibility. We have verified that the use of accumulative doses of cisplatin can compromise neural components of the auditory system resulting in a deterioration of speech intelligibility. The early detection of hearing loss in these cases is fundamental to avoid deafness progression as well as to conduct an adequate orientation for the school and family of the patient.


Subject(s)
Female , Child , Auditory Pathways , Central Nervous System , Cisplatin , Hearing Loss , Speech Intelligibility
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